On July 28, 1999, at the age of 31, Sanders shocked many when he announced his retirement from pro football. He left football healthy and in his prime, having gained 15,269 rushing yards, 2,921 receiving yards, 118 kickoff return yards, and 109 touchdowns (99 rushing and 10 receiving). He retired within a one-season striking distance of Walter Payton's career rushing mark of 16,726 yards. Only Payton and Emmitt Smith, who broke the record in 2002 have rushed for more yards than Sanders. Perhaps his most impressive statistical achievement, though, is to join Jim Brown as only players among the NFL's 50 all-time rushing leaders to average 5 yards a carry (only a handful manage above 4.5 yards per carry).

Sanders place in history is a matter of some debate. Many people say he is the greatest running back of all time, arguably one of the greatest players in professional football history, but others say he only has himself to blame for his premature retirement. Sanders' propensity for gambling on taking a loss in order to break long runs, a lack of power in short yardage situations and shortcomings as a pass receiver and blocker lead some to believe that others, such as Brown, Payton, Smith or Marshall Faulk, were better overall players.

Sanders's retirement was a matter of some controversy. Two years beforehand, Sanders had renewed his contract with the Lions for $35.4 million over 6 years with an $11 million signing bonus. When he retired with several years left on his contract, the Lions demanded that he return $7.3 million of the bonus. Sanders refused, and the Lions sued and eventually won a judgment against him. On February 15, 2000, arbitrator Sam Kagel ruled that Sanders was in default of his bonus agreement and owed $5.5 million plus interest over the next three years.

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