Apple

Apple aims for nothing short of a revolution, whether in personal computing or digital media distribution. The company's desktop and laptop computers -- all of which feature its OS X operating system -- include its Mac mini, iMac, and MacBook for the consumer and education markets, and more powerful Mac Pro and MacBook Pro for high-end consumers and professionals involved in design and publishing. Apple scored a runaway hit with its digital music players (iPod) and online music store (iTunes). Other products include mobile phones (iPhone), servers (Xserve), wireless networking equipment (Airport), and publishing and multimedia software. Its FileMaker subsidiary provides database software.

Once the world's top PC maker, Apple has been relegated to relative niche status in a market dominated by Microsoft Windows-based PCs. But the company continues to lead the market in terms of design innovation. Apple's computers run its proprietary UNIX-based operating system, and the company cites the integration and interoperability of its hardware and software as the key advantage over Windows-based PCs.

The uniqueness of Apple's computers is a double-edged sword for the company. The graphical interface and form factor of Apple's computers reflect the aesthetic of Jobs, who has long championed the importance of visually attractive, user-friendly design. The features that distinguish Macs have allowed the company to maintain a loyal following willing to pay premium prices and overlook any interoperability issues with Windows (a factor that Apple largely addressed with its OS X operating system). However, despite market share gains made in recent years, Apple still trails far behind top Window-based PC vendors such as Hewlett-Packard and Dell.

Only co-founder and CEO Steve Jobs may have expected the level of success the company's music-related products have enjoyed. Since debuting the iPod in 2001, Apple has provided regular feature updates to the line, including touch-screen displays and wireless capabilities. In 2003 Apple announced the launch of an online music service called the iTunes Music Store that lets computer users purchase and download songs for 99 cents each. Apple has since expanded the offerings to include music videos, audiobooks, movies, television shows, and other content. The company has also launched international versions of its music store. In 2008 Apple became the top music retailer by volume in the US market, surpassing Wal-Mart.

Early in 2007 the company finally unveiled a long-rumored Apple mobile phone -- the iPhone -- that combines features of a high-end handset with those of an iPod. AT&T was named the exclusive carrier for the phone in the US market; international carrier partners include O2 and T-Mobile. Having already captured a significant share of the smart phone market (where it competes primarily with RIM), the iPhone received an update in 2008 that included faster network speed and a lower price tag. Likely looking toward the development of its iPhone, Apple purchased P.A. Semi, a fabless developer of low-power processors, in 2008. iPhones and related products accounted for 6% of Apple's revenues in fiscal 2008.

Apple shares a long and thorny history with Microsoft. Although it provides an alternative to Microsoft's omnipresent operating system, Apple's relative size and market share restrict its threat to the software giant's stranglehold. The companies have long maintained a working relationship; the Mac-compatible version of Microsoft's popular office suite is a key software title for Apple, and Apple has scored crossover hits with Windows-friendly editions of iPod and iTunes. Soon after Apple released its Safari Web browser, however, Microsoft announced it would cease development of the Apple version of its Internet Explorer. In 2006 Apple released software that allows its computers to run Microsoft's XP operating system.

In an effort to boost brand awareness and its appeal among consumers, the company has opened more than 200 Apple retail stores across the US, and more than 40 more internationally. Apple generated about 20% of its sales through its retail channel in fiscal 2008.

Garmin

You may not know where you're headed, but Garmin can tell you where you are. The company manufactures navigation products that use global positioning system (GPS) technology to wirelessly deliver geographic location data through satellite communications. Its portable products incorporate electronic maps and navigational charts. Garmin also makes communications devices which combine cellular and GPS technology. Boat maker Ranger and airplane maker New Piper incorporate Garmin equipment into their vehicles. The company sells its consumer products through retailers including Bass Pro Shops, Best Buy, and Wal-Mart. Chairman and CEO Min Kao owns about 23% of Garmin.