PHIL 6320: GRADUATE SEMINAR IN EPISTEMOLOGY

 

Dr. McGrew, Fall 2006

 

 

Required Texts: Louis Pojman, The Theory of Knowledge: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Richard Fumerton, Epistemology, Laurence BonJour and Ernest Sosa, Epistemic Justification. Additional articles will be made available as they arise in the syllabus, on the web if at all possible. Students are responsible to download and read all web-based articles before the relevant class, as indicated on the course schedule. The course web page is:

 

http://homepages.wmich.edu/~mcgrew/episem06.htm

 

Course Description: At the opening of the 21st century, epistemology is fragmented along a number of definite fault lines. This course focuses on two of these: the dispute over the adequacy of epistemic foundationalism in the face of two classical skeptical challenges (Cartesian skepticism and the problem of induction), and the recent controversy regarding epistemic internalism and the attendant move to naturalize epistemology.

 

Using both classic statements of the issues and some recent articles, we will examine the way in which one’s position on these issues shapes one’s entire philosophical outlook, paying particular attention to the epistemology of non-deductive inference. By the end of the course, students should have not only an excellent feel for the terrain in contemporary epistemology – the broad context in which other debates may be located – but also a clear understanding of the considerations that pull us in each direction on these critical matters.

 

Course Requirements: This course meets Tuesday and Thursday of each week at 11 a.m. except for scheduled holi­days. Late papers will not generally be accepted without a medical excuse. Attendance and class partici­pation are taken into account in the determination of the final grade. In particular, I reserve the right to subtract five points from the final semester grade for each unexcused absence beyond the third. Students are expected to come to class having done the reading indicated on the syllabus and may be asked (with or without advance warning) to summarize it for the class.

 

Grading: Aside from attendance, the course grade is based on written work (including a prosectus (10%), an outline (20%), a draft (20%), and a final paper (50%) that corrects and deepens the draft) and on the quality  of class participation, including demonstrated preparation for class. Students are urged to proofread their papers with extreme care before turning them in.

 

Academic Integrity: You are responsible for making yourself aware of and understanding the policies and procedures in the Undergraduate Catalog that pertain to Academic Integrity. These policies include cheating, fabrication, falsification and forgery, multiple submission, plagiarism, complicity and computer misuse. If there is reason to believe you have been involved in academic dishonesty, you will be referred to the Office of Student Conduct. You will be given the opportunity to review the charge(s). If you believe you are not responsible, you will have the opportunity for a hearing. You should consult with me if you are uncertain about an issue of academic honesty prior to the submission of any assignment.

 

       The grading scale is:

 

A            93-100

B            83-87

C            73-77

D            60-67

B/A       88-92

C/B        78-82

D/C        68-72

E            below 60

 

A copy of the grading standard used for evaluation of written work is available in my office.


 

COURSE SCHEDULE

 

Note: The following course schedule is tentative. Because the material is difficult, some of it may take longer than the indicated time. You are expected to do the readings in accordance with the sequence of topics even if we are off schedule. Any alterations in deadlines for papers will be announced in class ahead of time.

 

Weeks 1-4: Foundationalism and its Critics

 

Week 1: Sep 5, 7

 

Overview of the course; two approaches to the theory of knowledge; the problem of appearance and reality; the structure of skeptical arguments.

 

       Readings for Week 1: Russell (in Pojman, pp. 5-8); Fumerton, ch 1 (pp. 1-11); BonJour and Sosa, Introduction

 

Week 2: Sep 12, 14

 

The classical foundationalist project. Traditional epistemology and the classical conception of justification. The regress argument. Foundationalism as a structural solution to the regress. Moderate foundationalism. A critique of foundationalism.

 

       Readings for Week 2: Audi (in Pojman, pp. 174-82); Fumerton, ch 3 (in part: pp. 33-42); BonJour (on the web as bonjour.htm); BonJour and Sosa, ch. 7 (pp. 119-140)

 

Week 3: Sep 19, 21

 

Coherentism as an alternative to foundationalism. A critique of coherentism.

 

       Readings for Week 3: Dancy (in Pojman, 206-15); Fumerton, ch 3 (second part, pp. 43-52); McGrew (on the web as book_02.htm); BonJour and Sosa, ch. 1 (pp. 5-23) and ch 3 (pp. 42-59)

 

Week 4: Sep 26, 28

 

Immediate experience and direct acquaintance. Foundationalism reconsidered.

 

Readings for Week 4: C. I. Lewis, “The Given Element in Empirical Knowledge,” (on the web as Given.htm); McGrew (in Pojman 196-206); BonJour and Sosa, ch 4 (pp. 60-96)

 

Weeks 5-10: Internalism, Externalism, and Naturalized Epistemology

 

Week 5: Oct 3, 5

 

The internalist/externalist controversy. The relation of epistemology to psychology. The case for naturalized epistemology.

 

Readings for Week 5: Kornblith, “What is Naturalized Epistemology?” (on the web as kornblith.htm); Quine (in Pojman, 287-95)

 

Week 6: Oct 10, 12

 

BonJour on the internalism/externalism debate.

 

Readings for Week 6: BonJour, in BonJour and Sosa, ch. 2 (pp. 24-41);

 

Week 7: Oct 17, 19

 

A critique of Quine’s case for naturalizing epistemology.

 

Readings for Week 7: BonJour, “Against Naturalized Epistemology” (on the web as bonj2.htm);

 

Week 8: Oct 24, 26

 

A response to BonJour.

 

Readings for Week 8: Kornblith (in Pojman, 322-33).

 

Week 9: Oct 31, Nov 2

 

A metaepistemological problem for naturalized epistemology.

 

Readings for Week 9: Fumerton, “Metaepistemology and Skepticism” (on the web as fumerton.htm); Fumerton, chapters 4 and 5

 

Week 10: Nov 7, 9

 

Success, rationality, internalism, externalism, and the connection to truth.

 

          Readings for Week 10: McGrew and McGrew, “The Connection to Truth,” online as truth.htm

 

Weeks 11-14: The Epistemology of Inference

 

Week 11: Nov 14, 16

 

The classical problem of induction. Presuppositions of Hume’s formulation; two meanings of “probable argument.” Hume’s dilemma reformulated.

 

Readings for Week 11: Hume (in Pojman, 434-9); Russell (in Pojman, 440-3); McGrew, “Direct Inference and the Problem of Induction,” part 1 (on the web as kyburg7d.htm)

 

Week 12: Nov 21

 

Inference to the Best Explanation: its romise and its problems.

 

Readings for Week 12: McGrew, Toward a Rational Reconstruction, pp. 273-283.

 

 

Paper drafts  are due in my box in the department by noon on Wednesday, November 22

 

No Class, Nov 23: Thanksgiving Break

 

Week 13: Nov 28, 30

 

Bayes’s Theorem: the geometry of reason.

 

Readings for Week 13: McGrew, Toward a Rational Reconstruction, pp. 283-298.

 

Week 14: Dec 5, 7

 

Sherlock Holmes as a Bayesian epistemologist.

 

Readings for Week 14: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans”; class handouts.

 

Final Papers are due in my box in the department by 12:15 p.m., Monday, December 11