Population and Migration

nI. Overview of Population in Latin America

nII. The Key Trend: Rapid Rural to Urban Migration and Urbanization

nIII. Migration in Mexico

nIV. Conclusions

I. Overview of Population in Latin America

nA. Population Size and Growth Rates

n 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

nSize 167 218 284 361 440 520

nRate of 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.7

nGrowth (% per year average by decade)

nSize: Millions of people total, Latin America and Caribbean

nB. Population Size by Country (photocopy)

n1. four ________________________________: Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Argentina

n2. most countries only have a __________________________________

nC. Rapid Population Growth and Its Problems

n1. How to __________________________ and provide services for rapidly growing populations?

n2. almost impossible for ________________________ to keep up with population growth

n3. shifting economic ______________________________________ were all intended to resolve this tremendous need for economic growth

II. The Key Trend: Rapid Rural to Urban Migration and Urbanization

nA. 1930: A Mainly _________________________

n1. before the beginning of ISI in the 1930s, the vast majority of Latin Americans lived in ________________________, mainly as workers on large plantations

n2. Mexico had the largest number of ________________________, due to land reform after the 1910 Revolution that took land from many large landowners and gave it to poor peasants

nB. ISI and Urban Industrialization, 1930-80

n1. government and business focus on __________________________________ in cities creates jobs and draws rural workers into cities in search of a better life

nC. Hyperurbanization, 1970-Present

n1. ________________________________: a rate of urban growth that outstrips the ability of governments to provide services and of economic growth to provide jobs

n2. cities unable to _______________________________ to keep up with rapid growth (sewers, water, electricity, roads, etc.)

n3. industries did not create enough jobs for _______________________

n4. most migrants move into _____________________________ with poor housing and infrastructure; often started and growing through squatting on government and private land

n5. many work in ____________________________________ (activity outside the legally regulated markets), including crime and drugs, but more commonly small businesses and casual employment

n6. ______________________________________ an increasing part of daily life

III. Migration in Mexico

nA. U.S. Stereotype: Millions of Mexicans Moving ___________________________

n1. Reality: the vast majority of Mexican migrants leave their homes for _______________________: state capitals, Mexico City, and especially now the northern border region

n2. migrants who do move to the U.S. most commonly are _______________________________ who return home after a few months or years in the U.S.

nB. Video: “Continent on the Move”

n1. What are the problems of Mexico’s agriculture?

n2. What are the reasons for migration in Mexico?

n3. What is life like for migrants?

n4. What were the impacts of ISI in Mexico?

n5. What problems were created by economic growth and migration?

nC. The Northern Border and the Maquiladoras: “A Continent on the Move”

n1. What is the role of the maquiladoras in the northern border region?

n2. Why do the maquiladoras hire mainly female employees?

n3. What are the working and living conditions for maquiladora workers?

nD. The Impacts of NAFTA

n1. NAFTA in 1994 made all of Mexico available as sites for _________________________

n2. the border region remains the most attractive location for U.S. and other firms seeking ___________________________ to manufacture goods for export to the U.S.

IV. Conclusions

nA. Rapid Population Growth Created a Huge _______________________________________

nB. ISI was economically successful for several decades, but its success drew more migrants that ultimately _________________________________________ and this development model

nC. Neoliberal opening to foreign investment and trade is creating jobs in many areas, but the fundamental challenge of creating jobs and improving living standards ______________________