Race and Ethnicity
lI. Introduction
lII. Race and Ethnicity in
lIII. Race and Ethnicity in
lIV. Conclusions
I. Introduction
lA. Defining Race and Ethnicity
l1. ___________: a category of
people who perceive themselves and are perceived by others as distinctive on
the basis of certain biologically inherited traits
l2. ______________________________________
definition of race; there may be 1, 2, 40, or 2,000 different “races” based on
biological characteristics such as skin color, eye color, hair color, other
genetic factors
lA.2. thousands of years of
________________________________ have mixed the gene pool
l3. instead, race is a
_______________________ based on shared social definitions, perceptions, and
beliefs
l4. in
l5.
________________________________ use characteristics of appearance, dress,
language and class to define races and/or ethnic groups
lA.6.
____________________________: people who perceive themselves and are perceived
by others as sharing distinctive cultural traits such as language, religion,
family customs, and food preferences
l1. used to describe
________________________ within one society
lB. The Complexity of Race and
Ethnicity in
l1. rather than focusing simply
on _________________________ as in the
lB.2. skin color, other physical
features, ___________________________, and other factors are taken into
consideration in defining a person’s race and ethnicity
l3. a person’s race and
ethnicity is also somewhat ____________________________ based on migration to a
city, moving up the social class ladder, and efforts to “__________”: to
present one’s self as a member of a different, typically higher status group
II. Race and Ethnicity in
lA. How is a person’s race
determined in
l1. a continuum of
____________________
l2. _________________________
l3. other
_____________________________, including hair color and texture, shape of nose,
and eye color
l4. social class: higher social
class and status=____________________________
l5. ___________________________:
more intimate and friendly relationships=lighter color
lB. How is the Brazilian racial
system different from the
l1. not based on
____________________:
l2. higher rate of
_____________________________ in
l3. very high rate of
___________________________ in
l4. little
__________________________________
l5. ___________________ kept
more of their distinct ethnic characteristics in
lB.6. higher rate of interaction
_________________________________ in
l7. limited
____________________________________________ in
l8.
lC. What are the similarities
between the Brazilian and
l1. lighter color is
__________________________
l2. close relationship between
______________________________
l3. origins in history of
_______________________ of Africans and their descendents
l4. race is a
________________________________, not a simple biological characteristic
l5. __________________________
of indigenous peoples
lC.6. immigration policies
historically favored ______________________ over other racial groups
l7. _________________________________ (structural barriers that block access to scarce resources) common in both societies
lIII. Race and Ethnicity in
lA. Haiti’s Unique History and
Race
l1. one of the most productive __________________________________
under French rule
l2. slave rebellion of
1791-1804 killed or forced into exile ________________________________
l3. racial division between
wealthier ____________________________ (mixed African and French descent) and
poor rural blacks became the key social divide
l4. urban mulattoes and _________________________
leaders fought for political power, but often had to share power
lA.5. _______________ occupied
l6. development during
l7. black middle class created
a new national identity based on ________________________
l8. Duvalier
dictatorship (father and then son) from 1957-86 represented
________________________ but used terror to maintain control over the rural
black majority
l9. revolt in 1986 overthrew Duvalier regime and _____________________ brought Aristide
to power in 1990
lA.10. Aristide overthrown by
elite revolt in 1991, but restored to power by _____________________ in 1993
l11. Aristide
_______________________________ led by rural militia leader in 2004 after the
l12.
_____________________________ and other foreign troops trying to restore order
now
l13. none of these political
changes have resolved the _____________________________ between mulatto elites,
the black middle class, and poor rural blacks
l14. estimated 1 million
__________________ now work on sugar plantations in the
lB. The
l1. historical mixture of
Spanish, African, and Indian peoples created a _______________________ (similar
to
l2. close linkage of whiteness
and _____________________________________
l3. appearance, and especially
__________________________________________, a key to racial classification and
to efforts to “pass” as higher status
l4. poverty, black appearance,
and being seen as ______________________ closely linked
lB.5. strong racial prejudice
and discrimination against those defined as black, including strong social pressure
against ____________________________________
l6. Dominican national identity
and racial ideas defined in ________________________________, in part due to
Haitian occupation of the
l7.
__________________________________ of 1916-24 created an alliance with the
mulatto middle class and created the
l8.
lIV. Conclusions
lA. Systems of racial and
ethnic inequalities and cultural ideas about race and ethnicity rooted in the
_________________________
lB. Political and economic
changes after independence built on and often transformed colonial systems in
support of the ___________________________________________________
lC.
______________________________ in several Central American nations in early
1900s altered and exacerbated these racial and ethnic divisions, as well as
involving the
lD. Ideas about race and
ethnicity are critical components of culture, social life, and
___________________