Religion in
lI.
Introduction
lII.
Religion in
lIII.
Religion and Politics in
lIV.
Conclusions
I. Introduction
lA.
Brazil: a center of
religious innovation and an example of broader processes of religious
change in
II. Religion in
lA.
Historically a _________________________
l1.
Portuguese brought
missionaries and the Catholic ______________________ to
l2.
Catholic hierarchy tied to
_____________________________________________________ and supported
maintenance
of land and class based inequalities
l3.
many elements of African
religions and indigenous religions incorporated into Catholic practice
as “____________________________________”
l4.
chronic shortage of
____________ left Catholics with little official control over beliefs
and
practices
lB.
Liberation Theology in
Catholicism, 1960s-1980s
l1.
goal of providing a “______________________________________________”,
rather than the hierarchy’s traditional support for the elite and the
government
l2.
implemented through
ecclesiastical base communities (CEBs) that
sought to
improve the quality of life ______________________
l3.
opposed by the
___________________________________ in most instances
lB.4.
Liberation Theology and CEBs declined
__________________________ because of:
la.
_________________________
and opening of politics to new parties and groups
lb.
collapse of
_______________________ in the
lc.
_____________________________________
ld.
replacement of
____________________________ with conservatives by the pope
lC.
Spiritist
Religions
l1.
______________: a variety
of religious practices that share belief in supernatural spirits who
communicate with humans through the temporary possession of devotees
la.
Spiritism
based in large part on African religions brought by slaves but
________________
lb. had to survive in ______________
lc.
has incorporated ___________________________________
lC.2.
_____________________:
originally a European philosophy and mystical religion of the educated
middle
classes centered on miraculous cures through spiritual healing and on
moral
instruction from “evolved” spirits of philosophers and political leaders
la.
rituals carefully controlled
by _____________________________
lb.
rejects “ignorant”
____________________________________ spirits as lacking culture and
uncouth
lC.3.
________________: urban
twentieth century religion centered on the Brazilian spirits excluded
by Kardecism; synthesizes Kardecism’s
European roots with African spiritism for
the
educated white middle class
la.
focus on
_______________________________ for the faithful via advice dispensed
by
spirits, support network of followers, and charity by religious leaders
l4.
_____________________:
religion based on African religious traditions as brought to Brazilian
plantations, but closer to African traditions than Umbanda
la.
_______________________,
more often rural, and more likely to be black than those of umbanda
lD.
Protestantism, and
especially ________________________, the fastest growing religions in
l1.
popular among
___________________ because they provide a new family for isolated
urban
residents and offer power via efforts to provide new resources
l2.
may have
____________________ followers, and more Protestant preachers than
Catholic
priests in
III. Religion and Politics in
lA.
Long tradition of
_________________________ between the Catholic church hierarchy and
elites
lB.
Most (but not all)
Protestant groups that have grown rapidly over the last four decades
are
_______________________________________, focusing on spiritual and
practical
needs
lC.
Liberation Theology in
Catholicism created a new religious and political movement that
challenged
_______________________________
l1.
despite
_______________________________________ to end support for Liberation
Theology,
it remains an important element in religious and political life at the
local
level
lD.
Video: “Romero” in El
Salvador as an example of the relationships between religion, politics
and
inequalities in Latin America
l1. How do governments try to control their citizens?
l2.
What roles did Liberation
Theology play in
l3.
What was the relationship
between the church hierarchy and the political and economic elites in
lD.4. What role did paramilitary death squads play?
l5.
What role did the
l6. How do the elites justify their actions?
l7.
despite a series of
elections and efforts to end violence over the last 25 years, political
violence and severe inequalities
________________________________________
IV. Conclusions
lA.
Catholicism has been the
largest religion in
lB.
The
__________________________ has played both positive roles (trying to
protect
indigenous peoples after the conquest, trying to help the poor as part
of
Liberation Theology) and negative roles (justifying conquest to convert
indigenous peoples to Christianity, alliances with elites to maintain
inequalities) in Latin American societies
lC. _________________________________ are growing rapidly in the region, including Protestant churches and spiritist religions