SOC 3350 FINAL EXAM ESSAY QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS SUMMER 2011

ESSAY QUESTIONS:

I will choose one of these two questions as the required essay exam (10 points; 1-2 pages) for the final exam.  You should incorporate appropriate material from the lectures, readings, videos, and group presentations from throughout the course into your answer.

1. You have just been appointed the Minster of Development for a Latin American nation of your choice. Your task is to find a way to promote economic development while simultaneously reducing the problems of poverty and inequality that confront your chosen nation.
A) What are the key economic and social problems confronting your nation?
B) What are the causes of these problems?
C) What is your plan for promoting economic development and reducing poverty and inequality?
D) What groups nationally and internationally would support your plan? Why?
E) What groups nationally and internationally would oppose your plan? Why?

2. Take the position of a resident in a slum area of a major Latin American city of your choice.  From the perspective of this resident, answer each of the following questions; make sure to incorporate relevant ideas about social class, inequality, race and ethnicity, gender, history, religion, international relations, or other topics we’ve discussed this semester.
A) How would you explain the economic situation of the residents of your neighborhood?
B) How would you explain the political situation of the residents of your neighborhood?

SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

The following are sample questions to help you prepare for the final exam (45 multiple choice questions covering the second half of the course). Please remember that these are examples of the TYPES of questions I will ask on the final, but these sample questions DO NOT 1) cover all the information that will be on the exam, and 2) substitute for studying the lecture notes and reading the Americas book. You should use these questions 1) to practice reading and thinking about these questions to prepare for doing the same during the actual exam, and 2) to identify areas that you do not know well so that you can spend more time on those areas (e.g. if you cannot remember anything from the Indigenous Groups section and are missing the questions about that topic, then spend more time studying that section of the notes).


The sample questions below are based on the lecture notes and readings.  PLEASE IGNORE THE QUESTIONS ABOUT RELIGION, SINCE WE DROPPED THIS TOPIC THIS SUMMER.  There will be 10-12 questions drawn just from the readings (Winn Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14; WE DROPPED CHAPTER 10), as there were on the midterm exam. Make sure to go through the chapters and look for major points that were not covered in lecture from each chapter (e.g. in Chapter 7, we did not discuss President Velasco's abolition of "Indian" as an official category, the role of migration in the community of Mayobamba, the role of indigenous groups in Bolivia, and the causes and impacts of the indigenous uprising in Ecuador), so look through the sections of the book that we did not discuss in lecture for the main points of these sections.

Good luck preparing for the final!



1. The Kayapo Indians opposed dam building in the Brazilian Amazon by:

a. taking a gold mining town hostage and using royalties from gold mining to protect their lands.

b. selling rubber from their lands to raise money to protect their lands.

c. selling Brazil nuts from their lands to raise money to protect their lands.

d. building a casino and using the revenues from tourists to protect their lands.



2. The video "The Kayapo: Out of the Forest" examined:

a. feminine movements in Brazil. b. life on the streets in Rio de Janeiro.

c. patron-client relations in Brazil. d. the use of video cameras and airplanes to protect indigenous lands.



3. In Guatemala, many members of the elite are people of mixed race who are "whitened" by:

a. changing their names. b. changing their hair's appearance.

c. working for U.S.-owned United Fruit Company. d. wealth.



4. In Guatemala, the military and elite viewed rebels during the period of La Violencia from 1978-85 as being:

a. communists and terrorists. b. foreign infiltrators supported by Castro.

c. urban mulattoes attempting to seize power. d. rural blacks attempting to seize power.



5. ______ is defined as a category of people who perceive themselves and are perceived by others as distinctive on the basis of certain biologically inherited traits.

a. Ethnic Group b. Race c. Indigenous Group d. Mulattoes



6. _____ is defined as people who perceive themselves and are perceived by others as sharing distinctive cultural traits such as language, religion, family customs, and food preferences.

a. Ethnic Group b. Race c. Indigenous Group d. Mulattoes



7. Roberto is a Brazilian who is the president of a large company and earns $500,000 per year. Both of his parents are black, and his skin color is very dark brown. If you would ask Roberto's closest Brazilian friends what his race is, they would use all of the following criteria to determine his race EXCEPT:
a. skin color. b. ancestry. c. social distance. d. social class



8. Similarities between the Brazilian and U.S. racial systems include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. the rate of interracial marriage is the same in both nations.
b. immigration policies historically favored Europeans over other racial groups in both nations.
c. the origins of the systems in both nations are in the history of slavery of Africans and their descendants.
d. lighter color is higher status in both nations.



9. One difference between the racial systems of Brazil and the U.S. is that:
a. in Brazil, there is little open racial tension.
b. in Brazil, there is a lower rate of interracial marriage.
c. Africans kept more of their distinct ethnic characteristics in the U.S.
d. there is a higher rate of interaction between racial groups in the U.S.



10. In the Brazilian concept of ______, a real man is powerful, fearless, always ready to prove his manhood, and dominant and sexually aggressive in relations with women.

a. machismo b. spiritism c. popular Catholicism d. liberation theology



11. Marianismo in Brazil means that the main role of women is seen as:

a. political leadership. b. working in the informal economy. c. female promiscuity. d. motherhood.



12. _______ movements directly challenge male dominance in the economy and politics and are mainly composed of middle class and upper class women.
a. feminist b. feminine c. marianismo d. spiritism



13. One of the first areas of resistance that was permitted by the Brazilian military government as part of its efforts to open up politics in the 1980s was:

a. the formation of socialist political parties. b. the revival of communist political parties.

c. women's movements. d. the formation of race-based political parties.



14. ________ was the first nation to give women the right to vote in Latin America.

a. Cuba b. Brazil c. Chile d. Mexico



15. All of the following have been major actors in Latin America's international relations EXCEPT:

a. Spain. b. the U.S. c. Japan. d. Great Britain.



16. During the _____, the most important fighting took place in Cuba between the Spanish and Cuban rebels seeking independence.

a. Bay of Pigs b. Communist revolution

c. Spanish-American War d. Monroe War



17. The initial efforts by the U.S. to stop the drug trade via intervention in Colombia during the 1980s resulted from:

a. the failure to control consumption in the U.S. b. the success of similar efforts in Mexico.

c. the growth of drug consumption in Colombia. d. the role of Castro in the drug trade.



18. Legacies from the colonial period in Latin America that continue today include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. the dominant role of the U.S. in the region. b. unequal wealth.

c. gender inequalities. d. unequal land distribution.



19. All of the following have been development strategies followed by many nations in Latin America EXCEPT:

a. export-led growth. b. socialism. c. ISI. d. neoliberal opening.



20. ______ is the largest religion in Latin America.

a. Catholicism b. Protestantism c. Santeria d. Islam

 

21. ________ is(are) one of the most important industries in Colombia.

a. Maquiladoras b. The drug trade c. Tourism d. Gold mining

 

22. In _____ before the revolution, the U.S. controlled sugar, mines, banks, and other industries.

a. Colombia b. Panama c. Cuba d. Guatemala

 

23. ______ sent troops to Africa to export revolution.

a. Cuba b. Brazil c. Guatemala d. Haiti



24. President ______ of the U.S. played the leading role in the construction of the Panama Canal.

a. Carter b. Roosevelt c. Monroe d. Clinton

 

25. ______ is defined as a category of people who perceive themselves and are perceived by others as distinctive on the basis of certain biologically inherited traits.

a. Ethnic Group b. Race c. Indigenous Group d. Mulattoes



26. A government effort in ________ to carry out a land reform program that took away unused land away from elites and the U.S.-owned United Fruit Company ended in a U.S.-backed coup.

a. Panama b. Cuba c. Guatemala d. Colombia



27. Similarities between the Brazilian and U.S. racial systems include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. institutional discrimination. b. immigration policies historically favored Europeans over other groups.

c. hypodescent. d. race is a social construction.



28. In 1986, President Oscar Arias of _______ moved decisively to reassert national sovereignty over its own territory, closing down a Contra airstrip and arresting the reputed head of the CIA operation in his country.

a. Nicaragua b. Cuba c. Panama d. Costa Rica



29. To _____ is defined as efforts to present one's self as a member of a different, typically higher status group.

a. migrate b. racialize c. ethnicize d. pass



30. One goal of the Colombian drug lords is:

a. to replace the current government with a socialist government.

b. to replace the current government with a fascist government.

c. to become part of the traditional upper class.

d. to replace the Mexican drug lords as the major suppliers to the U.S. market.



31. In the Peruvian Andes community of Mayobamba, the key question is who is a ________: a recognized member of the local community.

a. migrant b. mulatto c. comunero d. mestizo



32. ________ was the first country in Latin America to admit women to universities.

a. Chile b. Brazil c. Argentina d. Cuba



33. One consequence of U.S. efforts during the past century in Latin America to create political stability, strong alliances, and opportunities for U.S. investment has been:

a. creating democracy in the region.

b. maintaining the inequalities that continue to cause more conflict.

c. the growth of Protestant religions.

d. promoting sustained economic development via the neoliberal model across the region.



34. Systems of racial and ethnic inequalities and cultural ideas about race and ethnicity in Latin America:

a. were created by U.S. military occupations. b. were a key tool of British imperial control in the region.

c. were created during the colonial period. d. were important in former Spanish colonies but not in Brazil.



35. The battle in Bell Gardens over zoning for rental housing was an example of:

a. the difficulties of establishing decent quality housing in slum areas of Latin American cities.

b. a classic case of urban removal masked as urban renewal and discrimination against Mexican-Americans.

c. the role of feminist organizations in changing political systems in Latin America to allow women to carry out their roles as mothers.

d. the role of feminine organizations in changing political systems in Latin America to allow women to carry out their roles as mothers.



36. In the 1970s in Jamaica, the Manley government sought to promote economic development by:

a. increasing the royalty paid by foreign bauxite companies.

b. promoting the drug trade to earn foreign currency.

c. allying with the Soviet Union to obtain foreign aid.

d. growing sugar cane to produce fuel, rather than depending on expensive imports of foreign oil.



37. During the early 1900s, John was the Latin American policy advisor to several U.S. presidents. In order to advance U.S. economic and political interests in the region, John advised these U.S. presidents to conduct military interventions in all of the following nations EXCEPT:

a. Haiti. b. Argentina. c. Mexico. d. the Dominican Republic.



38. In Cuba, the revolution led to a shift in dependence from _____ to ______.

a. the U.S.; Great Britain b. Great Britain; the U.S. c. Spain; the U.S. d. the U.S.; the U.S.S.R.

39. U.S. military funding and military personnel levels in Colombia have continued to increase in recent years, despite only limited success of the "war on drugs" in Colombia, due to:

a. U.S. opposition to rebel movements in Colombia that are supported by the Castro government in Cuba.

b. efforts by the U.S. to gain control over oil reserves in the Amazon regions of Colombia and neighboring Ecuador.

c. the unwillingness of the U.S. government to allow a rebel movement made up mainly of Indians to defeat a government closely allied with the U.S.

d. the "war on terrorism" and the threat that instability in Colombia might pose for the U.S.



40. In Guatemala, the results of a rebellion made up mainly of Indians, government efforts to defeat the rebels, and the uncertain peace that began in 1996 include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. the creation of a new pan-Maya identity that unites Indians. b. the dramatic expansion of the drug trade.

c. military and death squads killing 200,000 Indian civilians. d. one million people became refugees.



41. The Black Power riots of 1968 punctured the myth of _________ as a model of race relations.

a. Brazil b. Haiti c. Panama d. Jamaica



42. The video "The Kayapo: Out of the Forest" examined:

a. feminist movements in Brazil. b. life in the slums of Santiago, Chile.

c. the use of resources from gold miners to stop dam building. d. life in the slums of Mexico City.



43. The olla comun (common pot) communal kitchen provided women's families with nutritious meals in:

a. Guatemala. b. Chile. c. Brazil. d. Argentina.



44. ______ is the largest religion in Latin America.

a. Catholicism b. Protestantism c. Santeria d. Islam



45. In Brazil as military rule loosened during the 1970s, the bloco afro was:

a. a new kind of Carnival group that was a reaction to the commercialization of Carnival by white entrepreneurs.

b. a feminine movement in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro that sought to force the government to provide schools, clean water, electricity, and other infrastructure to their neighborhoods.

c. a feminist movement that sought to reduce gender inequality by promoting the creation of women's police stations.

d. a social movement that sought to obtain land for landless agricultural workers.



46. Marianismo in Brazil means that:
a. women should be independent from men.
b. women should have full time jobs in the public sphere to support their children.
c. women have moral authority over childlike men.
d. female promiscuity.



47. During the _______, the U.S. seized half of Mexico after invading and occupying Mexico City.

a. World War I b. the Spanish-American War c. the War of 1812 d. the U.S.-Mexican War



48. The current president of Venezuela was elected on a platform of improving the lives of the poor, reducing the huge inequalities between the wealthy and the poor, and promoting economic development. As a result of his efforts to carry out these campaign promises, he has been severely criticized in Venezuela's newspapers and television reports because these media outlets are all owned by wealthy Venezuelans and was temporarily forced out of office by a military coup that was initially applauded by the Bush administration but that collapsed after millions of Venezuelans marched in the capital of Caracas in protest. This is an example of all of the following challenges to democratization in Latin America today EXCEPT:

a. the existence of anti-democratic elites. b. U.S. ability to exacerbate conflicts in Latin America.

c. the political role of drug lords. d. the existence of militaries skeptical of politicians' ability to rule.



49. In Guatemala, the ostensibly white landowning elite that controlled the economy and politics is termed:

a. mestizo. b. ladino. c. mulattoes. d. Haitian.



50. Jose is a Brazilian who attended Harvard University in the U.S. and is now the president of his own large software company in Brazil. Jose has very dark skin and blue eyes, his father is Japanese, and several of his mother's great-grandparents came to Brazil from West Africa as slaves just before the end of slavery in Brazil in the late 1800s. Alberto is a Brazilian employee of Microsoft Corporation who has worked on several joint projects between Microsoft and Jose's company over the last ten years and has become close friends with Jose. When a new American employee at Microsoft's Brazilian office asks Alberto about Jose's race, Alberto would have to consider all of the following in determining Jose's position in Brazil's racial system EXCEPT:

a. social distance. b. skin color. c. ancestry. d. social class.





KEY:

1. A

2. D

3. D

4. A

5. B

6. A

7. B

8. A

9. C

10. A

11. D

12. A

13. C

14. C

15. C

16. C

17. A

18. A

19. B

<>20. A

21. B

<>22.C

23. A

24. B

25. B

26. C

27. C

28. D

29. D

30. C

31. C

32. A

33. B

34. C

35. B

36. A

37. B

38. D

39. D

40. B

41. D

42. C

43. B

44. A

45. A

46. C

47. D

48. C

49. B

50. C