GEOS 100 EXAM 4 12/03/2003
Instructor: Delwar Ahmed
NAME:_______________________CRS
ID: __ __ __ __
Correct answers are highlighted in blue.
1 point each
IMPORTANT
Some questions have two correct answers. Fill two bubbles for correct answers in the answer sheet to get full credit.
1) [T F] Normal faults form in response to horizontal, tensional stresses that stretch or elongate the rocks.
2) [T F] In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.
3) [T F] The oldest, sedimentary rock strata are exposed along the axial parts of deeply eroded anticlines
4) [T F] Horizontal, compressive deformation involves shortening and thickening of the crust.
5) [T F] Fractures in rock that have not involved any fault slippage are called joints.
6) [T F] Plastic deformation occurs more readily in warm rock than in cool rock.
7) Which one describes a normal fault?
A) the hanging wall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
B) the footwall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
C)
the hanging wall block above an
inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
D) the footwall block above an inclined fault plane moves upward relative to the other block.
8) Which one, permanent strains (deformations) in rocks are products of horizontally directed, tensional stresses? A) normal faults B) crustal thickening C) reverse fault D) crustal thickening
9) Which two, permanent strains (deformations) in layered sedimentary rocks are evidence for horizontal compression and shortening? (mark both choices) A) thrust fault B) strike-slip fault C) horsts and grabens D) anticlines and synclines
10) What is a transform fault?
A)
a strike-slip fault that forms the
boundary between tectonic plates
B) a dip-slip fault connecting an anticline with a syncline
C) a reverse fault that steepens into a thrust fault
D) the rift-bounding faults on a mid-ocean ridge
11)
Which well known fault in
B)
San Andreas strike-slip fault
12) Which two favor brittle deformation over plastic deformation? (mark both choices) A) deep burial B) warm temperatures C) cool temperatures D) shallow depths
13) Normal and reverse faults have mainly what movement? A) strike slip B) horizontal slip C) dip slip D) basal dip
14) [T F] S-waves can travel through solid and liquid media.
15) [T F] P-waves can travel through solids and liquids but not through gases.
16) [T F] The epicenter of an earthquake is on the surface directly above the focus.
17) [T F] If the P, S, and surface waves arrive almost simultaneously, the seismic recording station is virtually at the epicenter of the earthquake.
18) [T F] Unconsolidated, water-saturated soils or sediments provide good foundation material for buildings and other structures.
19) Which term denotes the initial rupture point for an earthquake? A) fault point B) focus C) seismic centroid D) epizone
20) Which denotes a widely accepted explanation for the mechanism that generates earthquakes? A) Dow-Jones recovery theory B) plastic-slip theory C) Richter wave-snap theory D) elastic rebound theory
21) What are the smaller magnitude quakes that follow a major earthquake? A) exoshocks B) aftershocks C) hyposhocks D) epishocks
22) Which response includes the instrument used to record groundshaking and the inventor of the earthquake-magnitude scale? A) oscilloscope-Mercalli B) vibrograph-Rector C) polygraph-Freud D) seismograph-Richter
23) Which two can be expected to generate tsunamis? (mark both choices)
A) horizontal slip of sea floor rocks during mid-ocean ridge earthquake
B) surface waves moving along ocean floor from a distant earthquake
C)
large volume, submarine slides set
off by an earthquake or volcanic eruption
D)
vertical movements of sea floor
during coastal zone earthquake
24) Which is a direct measure of distance between a seismic recording station and the focal point of a distant earthquake?
A) the height of the P-wave minus the height of the S-wave
B)
the time interval between the first
P-wave and S-wave arrivals
C) the difference between Richter scale magnitude at the epicenter and receiving station
D) the time it takes S waves to be refracted into P-wave shadow zone
25) [T F] The inner core is probably mainly liquid iron because it has the characteristics of a permanent magnet.
26) [T F] Oceanic crust is manily basaltic in composition; the mantle is more like the igneous rock peridotite in chemical composition.
27) [T F] On the basis of seismic evidence, the outer core is believed to be liquid.
28) [T F] The crust and mantle are solids; the inner core is thought to be solid.
29) [T F] Continental crust is generally thicker than oceanic crust.
30) Which seismic discontinuity is the boundary between the crust and mantle? A) Mojo B) Moto C) Mogo D) Moho
31) Which part of the earth has the smallest volume? A) crust B) outer core C) mantle D) inner core
32) Which components are much more abundant in mantle rocks than in crustal rocks? A) potassium aluminum silicates B) quartz and calcite C) magnesium silicates D) hydrous minerals like micas and clays.
33) Which response is good evidence for a solidified inner core?
A) S waves do not pass directly through the core
B)
P waves are faster in the inner core
than in the outer core
C) S waves are slower in the inner core than in the outer core
D) S waves are focused at the center of the P-wave shadow zone
34) [T F] The oldest rocks on the sea floor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents.
35) [T F] Earth’s radius and surface area are slowly increasing to accommodate the new oceanic crust being formed at mid-ocean ridges.
36)
[T F]
37)
[T F] As the
38)
[T F] The volcanoes of
39)
[T F] The
40) [T F] During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth’s magnetic field has been reversed.
41) Who vigorously promoted the idea of continental drift to the scientific community in the early decades of the twentieth century? A) Alfred Krupp B) Ricard Wagner C) Alfred Wegener D) Ricard von Lagersteiner
42) One of the following is an important, fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory. Which is it?
A) Earth’s magnetic field originates in the outer core
B)
Earth’s diameter has been
essentially constant over time
C) Radioactive decay slows down at the extreme pressure in the inner core
D) Earth’s ocean basins are very old and stable
43) Which plate boundaries have the largest magnitude earthquakes? One answer
A) divergent and convergent
B)
transform and convergent
C) divergent and transform
44)
How does the modern-day
A)
It is a tiny remnant of a once immense ocean that was closed
as
B)
it is the site of a transform fault along which
C)
it is rift zone that may eventually
open into a major ocean if
D) it is a rare example of a two continent subduction zone where African continental plate is sinking under the Arabian continental plate
45)
Which one best
describes the boundary between northern
A)
A boundary between colliding
continents on converging plates
B)
a boundary between diverging continents on divergent plates
D)
the Indian plate is moving westward and colliding with the
46) What are the components of the earth system?
A) atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and zoosphere
B)
atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere,
and geosphere
C) atmosphere, biosphere, roundsphere, and geosphere
47) Which one of the following is not a greenhouse gas? A) CO2 carbon dioxide B) CH4 methane C) MnO2 manganese oxide D) CFC chlorofluorocarbon
48) [T F] Coal, natural gas, and uranium are fossil fuels.
BONUS QUESTIONS
49) What is the primary fuel for nuclear fission reactors?
A) U238 Uranium-238
B)
U235 Uranium-235
C) Rn222 Radon-222
50) Where is the world’s largest, commercially developed, tar sand deposit?
A)
northern
B)
near
C)
northeastern
D)
southern
GOOD LUCK.
