Correct answers are highlighted
by blue.
FORM A 1 POINT
EACH
1. [T F] All science is
based on the assumption that the natural world behaves in a consistent and
predictable manner that is comprehensible through careful, systematic study.
2. [T F] The age of Earth is about 6.4 billion years
3. [T F] On the basis of physical properties, Earth’s
outermost layer, composed of crust and upper mantle, is called lithosphere.
4. [T F] Along divergent plate boundaries, the upwelling of
materials from the mantle creates new sea floor.
5. [T F] A scientific hypothesis is a tentative/untested
explanation.
6. The Earth system is powered by energy from two
sources:__________ and _______.
A. the Sun/internal combustion B. friction/wind C. tidal
power/fossil fuels
D. the Sun/Earth’s interior E. none of the above
7. Based on physical properties, Earth’s outermost layer,
consisting of the crust and uppermost mantle, is a relatively cool, rigid shell
called the _____________.
A. mesosphere B. core C. lithosphere D. asthenosphere E. eclair
8. The density of the continental crust is _____________
than/to the density of oceanic crust.
A. less B. more C. equal
D. 10
times more E. 10 times less
9. The collision between the _______________ plates
results in subduction zone.
A. oceanic/oceanic B. continental/oceanic C. continental/continental D. both
A and B C. none of the above.
10. The collision of continental and continental plates
results in:
A.
abduction B. mountains C. subduction D. convection E. conduction
11. Subduction of a plate usually results in a ____________ .
A. wrench B. crunch C. trench D. trench
in backyard E. all of the above
12. Which of the following is not a part of the definition of mineral?
A. must occur naturally B. must be a solid C. must
be inorganic
D. must contain silicon-oxygen E. must have definite chemical composition.
13. The most common mineral group is ______________.
A. sulfides B. carbonates C. silicates D. oxides E. oxygen
and silicon
14. This is the
least reliable property to use when identifying a mineral.
A. streak B. hardness C. luster D. color E. specific
gravity
15. This mineral
reacts with acid and gives off carbon dioxide (CO2):
A. quartz B. talc C. calcite D. marble E. only A & C.
16. [T F] Diamond and
graphite are polymorphs.
17. Silicon-oxygen
tetrahedron has what chemical formula?
A. SiO2 B. CaCO3 C. H2O D. Al2O3 E. Fe2O3
18. The most abundant silicate mineral in the Earth’s
crust is ____________.
A. pyroxene B. feldspar C. quartz D. calcite E. amphibole
19. Sharing of electron/electrons is what type of bonding?
A. metallic B. radioactive C. ionic D. crystalline E. covalent
20. Feldspars
(orthoclase and plagioclase) are:
A. chain silicates B. single
tetrahedral C. oxides D. sheet silicates E. framework
silicates.
21. [T F] The
plagioclase feldspar is an example of continuous reaction series.
22. According to Mohs hardness scale, if a mineral cannot
be scratched by fingernail, but can be scratched by a penny then the mineral
has a hardness of _________.
A. 2.5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. 5.5
23. Igneous rocks
are classified based on:
A. chemical composition B. number
of ions in the bond C. texture D. A and C only E. A
and B only
24. All of the
following minerals display cubic crystal forms except:
A. Pyrite B. Quartz C. Halite D. Galena E. Flourite
25. Rocks can be transformed from:
A. sedimentary to
metamorphic B. igneous to new igneous C. metamorphic
to sedimentary D. igneous to sedimentary E. all of the
above
26.
A. basaltic B. granitic C. rhyolitic D. andesitic E. felsic
silica rich
27. Ferromagnesian
silicates:
A. are light colored B. contain
high amounts of iron and magnesium C. have a higher specific gravity than
non-ferromags D. B and C above E. A and B above
28. A ‘Scientific Method’
could be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
A. a method to sort truth
from falsehood B. organized common sense C. something
only scientists can use D. able to evolve in light of new data E. testing
ideas systematically using real world
29. Which factors
help produce the texture of intrusive igneous rocks?
A. amount of dissolved
gases in magma B. the rate of cooling C. amount of silica present D. all
of the above E. only B
and C
30. Slowly cooled
magma produces what kind of texture?
A. phaneritic B. pyroclastic C. glassy D. aphanitic E. porphyritic
31. According to
Bowen’s reaction series, which mineral has the highest crystallization
temperature?
A. pyroxene B. potassium
feldspar C. quartz D. olivine E. biotite
32. Which rock type contains
the most quartz?
A. granite B. basalt C. gabbro D. komatiite E. andesite
33. Which of these
rock types has a fine grained texture?
A. granite B. basalt C. gabbro D. peridotite E. diorite
34. Which of the
minerals is/are most stable under surface temperature?
A. quartz B. feldspar C. olivine D. only
A and B E. all of the above
35. Porphyritic
texture is:
A. smaller grains in larger
grain matrix B. larger grains in smaller grain matrix C. equidimensional
grains D. no grains at all E. none of the above
36. A felsic rock
is:
A. rich in feldspar B. rich
in quartz C. light colored D. all of the above
37. Bowen’s reaction
describes the way:
A. magma reacts with wall
rock B. magma reacts with sedimentary rocks C. magma
crystallizes D. all of the above E. none of the above
38. Which of the
following will be the last mineral to crystallize out from a mafic magma?
A. olivine B. pyroxene C. mica D. quartz E. garnet
39. [T F] The same magma will be more viscous at a
temperature of 800oC than at a temperature of 1100oC.
40. What is the name
of the igneous rock which is known as ‘volcanic glass’?
A. granite B. lead
crystal C. obsidian D. stained
glass E. none of the above
41. Plutonic rock
types include:
A. granite B. rhyolite C. diorite D. gabbro E. A,
C, and D
42. Rocks that
solidify deep underground are most likely to have what type of texture?
A. granitic B. vesicular C. aphanitic
(fine grained) D. phaneritic (coarse
grained) E. glassy
43. Batholith is
what type structure?
A. dike B. sill C. intrusive D. extrusive E. landslide
44. The viscosity of
magma is dependent on:
A. iron content B. partial
melting C. silica content D. aluminum
content E. type of eruption
45. Most volcanism
occurs:
A. at plate margins B. in
tectonically active regions C. in the middle of the plates D. A
and B only E. A and C only
46. Which of these
is a volcano in a mantle plume or hotspot environment?
A.
47. What is the
layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering?
A. soil B. humus C. regolith D. subsoil E. zone
of accumulation
48. Which of these
is a component of soil?
A. humus B. disintegrated
and decomposed rock C. decayed organic matter D. water E. all
of the above
49. Iron bearing
minerals such as olivine and pyroxene are often weathered into oxides such as:
A. hematite B. goethite C. limonite D. both
A and C E. all of the above
50. Highly leached
soil that develop in hot, wet tropics and which may form iron ore deposits are:
A. humus B. pedocal C. Laterite D. pedalfer E. podiatrist
51. When granite is
weathered what happens to quartz?
A. it remains
virtually unchanged B. it is broken down into kaolinite C. it
is broken down into oxides D. it is broken down into clays E. C and D
52. What type of
weathering produces ‘rounding’ of once massive rock cut only by joints?
A. circular B. spheroidal C. columnar D. jointing E. cosmic
53. Some granite
knobs or outcrops (rocks exposed on the surface) show a sort of ‘peeling’, in
which rounded layers of rock are removed by weathering. What is this called?
A. exfoliation B. jointing C. dissolution D. oxidation E. subduction
54. Chemical
weathering includes only:
A. dissolution B. hydrolyisis C. oxidation D. all
of the above E. only A
and C
55. [T F] Clay is mostly the result of quartz weathering.
56. [T F] Hydrolysis and dissolution are synonymous.
57. [T F] Humus is a
concentration of decaying organic matter found only in lateritic soils.
58. [T F] Frost
wedging is a type of mechanical weathering process.
59. From the land
surface downward to the unweathered bedrock, which is the correct order of the
soil horizons?
A. O, A, E, B,
C, bedrock B. A,B,C,D,E, bedrock C. E,A,B,C,O, bedrock D. D,E,C,B,A,
bedrock E. none of the above
60. Which is the most common soil type formed in moist,
temperate areas like eastern
A. pedodog B. pedocal C. pedalfer D. petrolog E. pegmatite
61. Soils which
develop accumulations of CaCO3 (caliche) in areas somewhat deficient
in rainfall such as
A. humus B. Laterite C. pedocal D. pedalfer E. regolith
